Best RAM deals
US · 360 kits5GenericDDR3L SODIMM Kit16GB2×8GBDDR3-1600 CL11$37.99$2.37/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 8TimetecDDR3 Desktop Memory16GB2×8GBDDR3-1600 CL11$39.99$2.50/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 9TimetecApple DDR3 Memory16GB2×8GBDDR3-1333 CL9$39.99$2.50/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 10TimetecDDR3L Laptop Memory16GB2×8GBDDR3-1600 CL11$39.99$2.50/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 11TimetecDDR3 Desktop Memory16GB2×8GBDDR3-1333 CL9$39.99$2.50/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 12TimetecApple DDR3L Memory16GB2×8GBDDR3-1600$39.99$2.50/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 13Silicon PowerDDR3L16GB2×8GBDDR3-1600 CL11$39.97$2.50/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 14TimetecDDR3 Laptop Memory16GB2×8GBDDR3-1333 CL9$39.99$2.50/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 15TimetecApple DDR3 Memory16GB2×8GBDDR3-1067$39.99$2.50/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 16TimetecDDR3L Laptop Memory16GB2×8GBDDR3-1600 CL11$40.99$2.56/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 17TimetecDDR3L Desktop Memory16GB2×8GBDDR3-1600 CL11$40.99$2.56/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 18TimetecDDR3L Laptop Memory16GB2×8GBDDR3-1866 CL13$40.99$2.56/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 19RoyemaiApple Laptop Memory16GB2×8GBDDR3-1600$40.99$2.56/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 20TimetecSynology NAS Memory16GB2×8GBDDR3-1600$40.99$2.56/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 21TimetecPremium DDR3L Desktop Memory16GB2×8GBDDR3-1600 CL11$41.99$2.62/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 22A-TechDDR3L Desktop Memory16GB2×8GBDDR3-1600 CL11$41.98$2.62/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 23TimetecDDR3L Premium16GB2×8GBDDR3-1600 CL11$41.99$2.62/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 24RasalasDDR3 1333MHz16GB2×8GBDDR3-1333 CL9$42.99$2.69/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 25RasalasDDR3L 1600MHz16GB2×8GBDDR3-1600 CL11$42.99$2.69/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 26HynixDDR3 1600MHz SODIMM16GB2×8GBDDR3-1600$43.66$2.73/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 27GenericDDR3 1333MHz SODIMM16GB2×8GBDDR3-1333$43.99$2.75/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 31NEMIX RAMDDR3 1333MHz SODIMM16GB2×8GBDDR3-1333$43.99$2.75/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 32A-TechDDR3 1600MHz SODIMM16GB2×8GBDDR3-1600 CL11$43.98$2.75/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 36NEMIX RAMDDR3 1333MHz SODIMM16GB2×8GBDDR3-1333$43.99$2.75/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 38NEMIX RAMDDR3 1066MHz SODIMM16GB2×8GBDDR3-1066$43.99$2.75/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 41GenericDDR3 1600MHz UDIMM16GB2×8GBDDR3-1600$43.99$2.75/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 44GenericDDR3 1600MHz SODIMM16GB2×8GBDDR3-1600$43.99$2.75/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 45MotoeagleDDR3L UDIMM8GB2×4GBDDR3-1600 CL11$21.99$2.75/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 46NEMIX RAMDDR3 1066MHz SODIMM16GB2×8GBDDR3-1066$43.99$2.75/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 47MotoeagleDDR3 1066MHz SODIMM8GB2×4GBDDR3-1066 CL7$22.49$2.81/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 48GenericDDR3 1600MHz Laptop16GB2×8GBDDR3-1600 CL11$44.99$2.81/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 49GenericDDR3 1600MHz Desktop16GB2×8GBDDR3-1600 CL11$44.99$2.81/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 50GenericDDR3 1333MHz Desktop8GB2×4GBDDR3-1333 CL9$22.99$2.87/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 51GenericDDR3 2133MHz OC Desktop16GB2×8GBDDR3-2133$45.99$2.87/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 52RasalasDDR3 1066MHz Desktop8GB2×4GBDDR3-1066 CL7$22.99$2.87/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 53GenericDDR3 2133MHz OC Desktop16GB2×8GBDDR3-2133$45.99$2.87/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 54A-TechDDR3 1333MHz DIMM16GB2×8GBDDR3-1333 CL9$46.57$2.91/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 55SamsungDDR3 1600MHz SODIMM16GB2×8GBDDR3-1600$47.16$2.95/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 56A-TechDDR3 1600MHz DIMM16GB2×8GBDDR3-1600 CL11$47.52$2.97/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 58SamsungDDR3 1600MHz SODIMM8GB2×4GBDDR3-1600$24.04$3.01/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 59GigastoneDDR3L 1600MHz SODIMM16GB2×8GBDDR3-1600 CL11$48.99$3.06/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 60CrucialDDR3 1600MHz Desktop16GB2×8GBDDR3-1600 CL11$49.49$3.09/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 106A-TechDDR3 1866MHz16GB2×8GBDDR3-1866 CL13$52.20$3.26/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 107AdamantaDDR3 1600MHz8GB2×4GBDDR3-1600 CL11$26.90$3.36/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 108TimetecDDR3 1067MHz8GB2×4GBDDR3-1067 CL7$26.99$3.37/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 109TimetecDDR3 1333MHz8GB2×4GBDDR3-1333 CL9$26.99$3.37/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 110TimetecDDR3 1600MHz8GB2×4GBDDR3-1600 CL11$26.99$3.37/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 111TimetecDDR3 1333MHz8GB2×4GBDDR3-1333 CL9$26.99$3.37/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 112TimetecDDR3 1600MHz8GB2×4GBDDR3-1600 CL11$26.99$3.37/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 113TimetecDDR3 1066MHz8GB2×4GBDDR3-1066 CL7$26.99$3.37/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 114TimetecDDR3 1333MHz8GB2×4GBDDR3-1333 CL9$26.99$3.37/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 116TimetecHynix IC DDR3L SODIMM8GB2×4GBDDR3-1600 CL11$26.99$3.37/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 119TimetecDDR3 1067MHz8GB2×4GBDDR3-1067 CL7$27.99$3.50/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 120GenericDDR3 Desktop Memory8GB2×4GBDDR3-1333 CL9$27.99$3.50/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 121WlizedleDDR3 1600MHz16GB2×8GBDDR3-1600 CL11$55.99$3.50/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 123CrucialDDR3 Laptop Memory8GB2×4GBDDR3-1600 CL11$28.99$3.62/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 132A-TechDDR3 Desktop Memory16GB2×8GBDDR3-1866 CL13$59.65$3.73/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 133A-TechDDR3 Desktop Memory16GB2×8GBDDR3-1600$59.65$3.73/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 134GenericDDR3 Desktop Memory8GB2×4GBDDR3-1600$29.88$3.74/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 135NEMIX RAMDDR3 Laptop Memory8GB2×4GBDDR3-1066$29.89$3.74/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 136NEMIX RAMDDR2 Laptop Memory4GB2×2GBDDR2-667$14.99$3.75/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 140NEMIX RAMDDR2 Laptop Memory4GB2×2GBDDR2-800$14.99$3.75/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 147GenericDDR3 UDIMM16GB2×8GBDDR3-1866 CL13$59.99$3.75/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 155A-TechDell Inspiron DDR3 RAM16GB2×8GBDDR3-1600$67.11$4.19/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 159SamsungDDR3L SODIMM16GB2×8GBDDR3-1600 CL11$68.82$4.30/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 162A-TechMac mini DDR3 RAM16GB2×8GBDDR3-1066$70.83$4.43/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 163A-TechDell Vostro DDR2 RAM4GB2×2GBDDR2-800$18.00$4.50/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 164A-TechDell Optiplex DDR2 RAM4GB2×2GBDDR2-533$18.00$4.50/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 165A-TechDell Optiplex DDR2 RAM4GB2×2GBDDR2-800$18.00$4.50/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 166Memory MasterDDR2 800MHz Memory4GB2×2GBDDR2-800$18.13$4.53/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 167A-TechDell Inspiron DDR3 RAM16GB2×8GBDDR3-1333$73.80$4.61/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 168A-TechDell Latitude DDR3 RAM16GB2×8GBDDR3-1600$73.80$4.61/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 176AdamantaDesktop Memory16GB2×8GBDDR3-1600 CL11$75.98$4.75/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 190KingstonNotebook Memory8GB2×4GBDDR3-1066$39.95$4.99/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 191GenericDDR2 Desktop Memory8GB2×4GBDDR2-800$39.99$5.00/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 192G.SkillRipjacks DDR3 SO-DIMM16GB2×8GBDDR3-1600 CL9$79.99$5.00/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 193A-TechOptiPlex Memory Kit16GB2×8GBDDR3-1600$82.01$5.13/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 194TimetecDDR4 Non-ECC64GB2×32GBDDR4-2666 CL19$329.99$5.16/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 195TEAMGROUPT-Force Zeus32GB2×16GBDDR4-2666 CL19$164.99$5.16/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 197A-TechDDR3 1333MHz SODIMM16GB2×8GBDDR3-1333$83.86$5.24/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 198A-TechDDR3L 1600MHz SODIMM16GB2×8GBDDR3-1600$83.86$5.24/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 199A-TechDDR3 1600MHz DIMM16GB2×8GBDDR3-1600$83.86$5.24/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 200A-TechDDR3 1600MHz DIMM16GB2×8GBDDR3-1600$83.86$5.24/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 201A-TechDDR3 1600MHz SODIMM16GB2×8GBDDR3-1600$83.86$5.24/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 202A-TechDDR3L 1600MHz SODIMM16GB2×8GBDDR3-1600$83.86$5.24/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 203A-TechDDR3 1600MHz DIMM16GB2×8GBDDR3-1600$83.86$5.24/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 206A-TechDDR3 1600MHz SODIMM16GB2×8GBDDR3-1600$83.86$5.24/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 207A-TechDDR3 1600MHz DIMM16GB2×8GBDDR3-1600$83.98$5.25/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 208A-TechDDR3L 1600MHz DIMM16GB2×8GBDDR3-1600$83.98$5.25/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 209KingstonValueRAM DDR3L16GB2×8GBDDR3-1600 CL11$86.45$5.40/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 212KingstonValueRAM DDR3L16GB2×8GBDDR3-1600 CL11$88.99$5.56/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 213MicronDDR4 Laptop Memory8GB2×4GBDDR4-3200$44.50$5.56/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 214A-TechDDR3 Desktop Kit16GB2×8GBDDR3-1066$89.82$5.61/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 215KingstonValueRAM DDR316GB2×8GBDDR3-1600 CL11$89.99$5.62/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 218A-TechDDR3 Desktop Memory8GB2×4GBDDR3-1600 CL11$45.96$5.75/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 226CMSDDR3 1333MHz Non-ECC8GB2×4GBDDR3-1333$48.00$6.00/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 227CMSDDR3 1333MHz Non-ECC8GB2×4GBDDR3-1333$48.00$6.00/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 228CMSDDR3 1333MHz Non-ECC8GB2×4GBDDR3-1333$48.00$6.00/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 229CMSDDR3 1333MHz Non-ECC8GB2×4GBDDR3-1333$48.00$6.00/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 230CMSDDR3 1333MHz Non-ECC8GB2×4GBDDR3-1333$48.00$6.00/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 235CMSDDR3 1333MHz Non-ECC8GB2×4GBDDR3-1333$48.00$6.00/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 238SK HynixDDR3 1600MHz8GB2×4GBDDR3-1600 CL11$49.00$6.13/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 239KingstonValueRAM DDR3 1333MHz8GB2×4GBDDR3-1333 CL9$49.50$6.19/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 240SimmtecDDR4 2400MHz16GB2×8GBDDR4-2400 CL17$99.00$6.19/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 241PUSKILLDDR4 3200MHz32GB2×16GBDDR4-3200 CL16$198.99$6.22/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 242OLOyDDR4 2666MHz32GB2×16GBDDR4-2666 CL19$198.99$6.22/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 243SamsungDDR4 2666MHz ECC64GB2×32GBDDR4-2666$399.00$6.23/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 244Parts-QuickDDR3 1066MHz8GB2×4GBDDR3-1066$50.00$6.25/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 245KingstonValueRAM DDR3 1333MHz8GB2×4GBDDR3-1333 CL9$49.99$6.25/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 246CMSDDR3 1333MHz Non-ECC8GB2×4GBDDR3-1333$50.00$6.25/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 247CMSDDR3 1333MHz Non-ECC8GB2×4GBDDR3-1333$50.00$6.25/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 248CMSDDR3 1066MHz Non-ECC8GB2×4GBDDR3-1066$50.00$6.25/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 273TimetecDDR4 SODIMM32GB2×16GBDDR4-2400 CL17$199.99$6.25/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 287Parts-QuickDDR3 1066MHz8GB2×4GBDDR3-1066$49.99$6.25/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 291A-TechDDR3 Laptop Memory16GB2×8GBDDR3-1333$100.65$6.29/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 292A-TechDDR3 Desktop Memory16GB2×8GBDDR3-1333$100.65$6.29/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 293A-TechDDR3L Laptop Memory16GB2×8GBDDR3-1600$100.65$6.29/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 295CMSDDR4 Laptop Memory16GB2×8GBDDR4-2400 CL17$100.99$6.31/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 296OLOyDDR4 Laptop Memory64GB2×32GBDDR4-3200 CL22$404.99$6.33/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 297TimetecDDR4 SODIMM32GB2×16GBDDR4-2133 CL15$203.99$6.37/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 298TimetecPremium DDR4 SODIMM32GB2×16GBDDR4-2400 CL17$203.99$6.37/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 299TimetecPinnacle Premium DDR432GB2×16GBDDR4-2666 CL19$205.99$6.44/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 300TimetecDDR4 SODIMM32GB2×16GBDDR4-2666 CL19$205.99$6.44/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 301CMSDDR4 Desktop Memory32GB2×16GBDDR4-2400$206.00$6.44/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 302TimetecElite DDR432GB2×16GBDDR4-2400 CL17$205.99$6.44/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 303CMSDDR4 Desktop Memory32GB2×16GBDDR4-2666$206.00$6.44/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 304TimetecDDR4 SODIMM32GB2×16GBDDR4-2666 CL19$205.99$6.44/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 305CMSDDR4 Laptop Memory32GB2×16GBDDR4-2400$206.00$6.44/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 307TimetecDDR4 SODIMM32GB2×16GBDDR4-2400 CL17$205.99$6.44/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 308AdamantaDDR4 SODIMM64GB2×32GBDDR4-2666 CL19$412.00$6.44/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 309TimetecElite DDR432GB2×16GBDDR4-2666 CL19$205.99$6.44/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 312TimetecDDR4 Laptop32GB2×16GBDDR4-2666 CL19$209.99$6.56/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 318TimetecPremium DDR432GB2×16GBDDR4-2666 CL19$209.99$6.56/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 319TimetecPremium DDR4 UDIMM32GB2×16GBDDR4-2133 CL15$209.99$6.56/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 320TimetecPremium DDR4 UDIMM32GB2×16GBDDR4-2400 CL17$209.99$6.56/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 322TimetecDDR4 UDIMM32GB2×16GBDDR4-2666 CL19$210.99$6.59/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 325G.SkillTrident Z Neo64GB2×32GBDDR4-3600 CL16$429.99$6.72/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 326TimetecApple DDR4 Memory Kit32GB2×16GBDDR4-2666$215.99$6.75/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 327GenericDesktop DDR2 Memory4GB2×2GBDDR2-800$27.00$6.75/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 328fanxiangDDR4 SODIMM64GB2×32GBDDR4-3200 CL22$435.99$6.81/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 329AcclamatorOunce Series32GB2×16GBDDR4-3200 CL18$219.99$6.87/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 331fanxiangDDR4 SODIMM32GB2×16GBDDR4-3200 CL22$219.99$6.87/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 334CorsairVengeance LPX32GB2×16GBDDR4-3200 CL16$219.99$6.87/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 335AcclamatorDDR4 SODIMM32GB2×16GBDDR4-3200 CL22$219.99$6.87/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 336SimmtecDDR4 SODIMM32GB2×16GBDDR4-2666 CL19$220.00$6.88/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 337A-TechDDR4 SODIMM Kit32GB2×16GBDDR4-2666$220.48$6.89/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 338A-TechDDR4 SODIMM Kit32GB2×16GBDDR4-2666 CL19$220.48$6.89/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 339A-TechDDR4 SODIMM Kit32GB2×16GBDDR4-2133 CL15$220.48$6.89/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 340A-TechDDR4 SODIMM Kit32GB2×16GBDDR4-2666$220.48$6.89/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 341A-TechDDR4 SODIMM Kit32GB2×16GBDDR4-2400 CL17$220.48$6.89/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 342A-TechDDR4 UDIMM Kit32GB2×16GBDDR4-2666$220.48$6.89/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 343A-TechDDR4 SODIMM Kit32GB2×16GBDDR4-2400$220.48$6.89/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 344A-TechDDR4 UDIMM Kit32GB2×16GBDDR4-2400 CL17$220.48$6.89/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 345A-TechDDR4 UDIMM Kit32GB2×16GBDDR4-2666$220.48$6.89/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 346A-TechDDR4 UDIMM32GB2×16GBDDR4-2133 CL15$220.48$6.89/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 347Silicon PowerDDR4 SODIMM Kit32GB2×16GBDDR4-3200 CL22$222.97$6.97/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 348OLOyDDR4 UDIMM Kit32GB2×16GBDDR4-3000 CL16$222.99$6.97/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 349OLOyDDR4 UDIMM Kit32GB2×16GBDDR4-3200 CL16$222.99$6.97/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 350A-TechDDR4 SODIMM Kit16GB2×8GBDDR4-2400 CL17$111.98$7.00/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 352A-TechDDR4 SODIMM Kit32GB2×16GBDDR4-2666$224.13$7.00/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 353A-TechDDR4 SODIMM Kit16GB2×8GBDDR4-2400 CL17$111.98$7.00/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 354A-TechDDR4 Laptop Kit32GB2×16GBDDR4-2666$224.13$7.00/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 355KingstonFury Beast RGB32GB2×16GBDDR5-5200 CL40$256.93$8.03/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 356KingstonFury Renegade DDR432GB2×16GBDDR4-3200 CL16$299.99$9.37/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 357KingstonValueRAM DDR2 533MHz2GB2×1GBDDR2-533 CL4$19.99$10.00/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 358KingstonFury Renegade16GB2×8GBDDR4-3200 CL16$162.77$10.17/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 359KingstonFURY Beast RGB64GB2×32GBDDR5-5600 CL40$694.00$10.84/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ 360KingstonFURY Beast16GB2×8GBDDR4-3200 CL16$178.42$11.15/GBnewBuy on Amazon ↗ Prices shown are indicative and may differ from Amazon at the time of purchase — confirm the live price on Amazon. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.